The effect of herbal extracts on combating Newcastle disease

Newcastle disease (ND) is an important infectious disease in poultry. Herbal medicines are being used as immunomodulators and are a potential alternative for conventional therapies. Echinacea purpurea is one of the most promising phytogenic additives due to its immuno-stimulatory and potentiatory properties. Echinacea stimulates macrophages, cytokine production, natural killer (NK) cells, neutrophil and Blymphocyte activity. Glycrrhiza glabra (licorice) and its extracts have anti-inflammatory,