Inorganic feed phosphates for fish diets

Diets are changing, with more plant protein sources being used instead of fish meal and other animal sources. Since vegetal proteins hardly contribute to digestible phosphorus in the diets, inorganic feed phosphates have to be added. In an attempt to lower the FIFO (fish in – fish out) ratio in the production of diets for aquaculture because of sustainability issues, use of fish meal (and fish oil) has been reduced strongly over the past few years. However, the increased use of plant protein