Effects of mycotoxins on the immune system of animals

In a recent review study, researchers distinguished between the immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory effects of major mycotoxins in the food and feed industry. Understanding the mechanisms of action is crucial for any curbing strategy and knowledge of their synergism or additivity contributes to possible new limit standards in feed. As Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2), Fumonisin B1 (FB1), and zearalenone (ZEA) are major mycotoxins that are legi